
A model of the French ‘Citroën 2CV’ van, which was launched in 1951
When it comes to toys, I have two memories of them. In the first, I see myself in an empty plot of land; it’s opposite my house and unfenced, as most were back then; I’m making mud balls, shaping them by taking a small pile of clayey soil, the ground there was almost entirely clay, which I’d dampened with water beforehand. Skillfully, I spun the ball on a flat piece of wood; after a few turns, it took on a round shape, and they turned out quite well:
«These balls (marbles) will be brilliant! I need to make these two a bit smaller,» I thought to myself.
I also made another lump the size of my hand and, with great patience and imagination, shaped it like a skilled craftsman. Until it began to resemble a delivery van, I wanted to recreate a ‘Citroën’ (very popular in those days); I finished off the details with a toothpick; to my eyes it looked the part, though not so to those of my ‘little mates’, who were the ones I was trying to sell them to. And they had no qualms about making that clear to me when they came over to examine my wares:
“This doesn’t look anything like a ‘Citroën’!”
“Don’t you like it either?” I asked another friend who was with him.
“Don’t get mad, but I wouldn’t pay a penny for this.”
From the looks of it, they thought it looked more like a piece of shit than a van – what the hell do these useless lot know about art! They didn’t appreciate the effort it took me to make them yet again. Especially convincing my mum to let me put them in the oven, where they were baked or toasted; more the latter, really, as I couldn’t quite get the cooking times right:
"Here you go again with this rubbish! Remember last time there were splashes all over the oven; I spent the whole morning cleaning it."
Ignoring her complaint, I carried on with my plan, trying to win her approval for my work; to be honest, I wanted to make her feel sorry for me!
"It’s taken me ages to make these! Where’s the baking tray?"
"It’s in the pantry, where you left it last time."
I went to fetch it; it was an old baking tray that fitted perfectly; my mum had given it to me for this very purpose.
"How long should we bake them for this time?" I asked.
I replied to my mum, whilst carefully placing my creation of balls and vans onto the tray:
“Thirty minutes will be enough, but turn the oven up to full heat.”
“At your service, boss!” my mum replied ironically.
So she did; she placed the tray roughly halfway down the oven and set the temperature to about 200 degrees.
Throughout the baking time, I kept a close eye on things to make sure they didn’t explode, and when the time was up, the ‘CLINK’ of the end sounded:
"Move away, you might get burnt!"
My mum took the dish out, using oven gloves, and placed the piping-hot tray on the kitchen worktop.
A few hours later, which I spent playing on our terrace, my mum put the now-cool dish on the kitchen table.
“Right, you can have them now! Wait till I touch the balls!”
“Ouch, aaah…!” —She always played that joke on me, making me think she’d burnt herself, and I always fell for it:
“I’m sorry, Mum, I didn’t mean to…!”
“That’s a lie, darling!”
Once the scare was over, I gathered the items and took them out to the terrace, where my storage space was under the sink. They didn’t stay there long, as my list of friends and potential customers was extensive; and not everyone was as ‘fussy’ as the first few I asked. And if I had any ‘leftovers’, I’d always give them to one of my mother’s customers; just as I did last time. They took them to look good, I suppose they’d throw them in the bin later…
The second memory is of the other toys, the real ones, which came from the United States, yes, from North America; that was possible thanks to the solidarity and love of my Aunt Raquel (may she be in heaven, reunited with her husband, Uncle Erwin, enjoying their little animals, which they loved so much, especially the dogs), towards her sister’s children, ‘that is to say’, us…
She had moved there, specifically to the state of Ohio, after marrying an American doctor whom she had met in Barcelona. Although on this occasion, our shipment of toys was ‘up in the air’, never a truer word spoken, since in that year of 1962, a few months earlier, we had been on the brink of the end of our civilisation…:

The US Ambassador to the United Nations, Adlai Stevenson, shows aerial photographs of Cuban missiles to the United Nations on 25 October 1962.
In October, a US spy plane flying over the island of Cuba photographed some missile launch pads.
In response, US President 'Kennedy' imposed a naval blockade on the Caribbean island and sent messages to the Russians, instructing them to withdraw their weapons and turn back their ships, which were heading towards the island laden with more missiles.

A US Navy P-2H Neptune from VP-18 flying over a Soviet cargo ship.
For a few days, the world was on the brink of nuclear annihilation, but in the end, the Russians agreed to withdraw their weapons and ordered their ships to return, and everything went back to normal; civilisation was saved and we would get our toys.
…A month later, and about a month before Christmas, my aunt, as was her custom, sent a large parcel intended to bring us the joy typical of the festive season. Almost always, it was I who accompanied my mother to a warehouse near the main post office in the city centre. I believe the name of the transport agency was ‘La Expeditiva’ (a transport company founded in 1905 by Bartolomé Miralles Vidal, and taken over in 1940 by his son of the same name, who ran it until 1996). This company seemed to have the exclusive right to collect and deliver parcels; they all arrived via it. Every time we went there, we followed these steps:
After queuing for a long time, the clerk would place the parcel on a large scales; it was the one identified by a notification previously handed to us by the postman. The parcel was tied with string, and on this occasion it hadn’t been opened and resealed, as had happened on more than one occasion. They said it was the customs officials, who were checking that there was no contraband or black-market goods inside.
"Bloody hell, it’s heavy! This is the one that matches this number, let’s see, consignment 3527… and from the US, this is definitely it!"
"Let me have a look!" said my mother, examining it to see if it had been opened before.
"Listen! If you’re not happy with it, leave it here and we’ll send it back to the sender."
“Bloody hell, I can have a look, can’t I?!”
“Madam, don’t be rude to me, I haven’t been rude to you!”
Seeing the situation, I instinctively took my mother’s hand and held it out, to calm her down and stop the ‘lioness’ inside her from coming out. My mother realised what I was doing and this time she listened to me; it wasn’t worth arguing with a ‘blockhead’ like that. It seemed the uniform had gone to his head, yet another man in uniform! Everyone was wearing military style clothes and caps: taxi drivers, chauffeurs and even the shoe shiners. Although the one serving us looked more like a grey cape, altered and in poor taste.
"Excuse me! But every year the parcel arrives showing signs of having been opened, and with things missing."
"Well, in such cases you should report what you’re saying, but not to me, I’m just a ‘nobody’! You must report it to the manager, who is that man (pointing at him), and whose only job all day is to deal with complaints,” he said sarcastically. “And now make up your mind, look at the queue that’s formed! Do you want it or not? If you don’t collect it, we’ll hand it over to customs for inspection!”
The boss’s threat had already been issued, though my mother knew the situation was under control. The truth is that Aunt Raquel, ever the shrewd one, had been told by my mother about the inspections, and always sent the toys without their original boxes, sometimes wrapped in rags—whatever it took to make it clear they weren’t intended for sale.
“You know what…! I don’t see any need for you and me to argue, I’ll take it!”
“Better that way!” We didn’t know if it was a conciliatory remark or a vague threat, nor did it matter; we already had the box with the presents.
My mother let me hold one of the ropes that tied it down too, so I felt like I was the one carrying it:
“Come on, Antoñito, grab the rope, I can’t manage it on my own!”
“But I can’t hold it! Move over a bit and let me have a go too.”
With the heavy load, that day, instead of going back by bus, we took a taxi. We wouldn’t have been able to get to the bus stop, and besides, they wouldn’t have let us on the bus with such a huge bundle.
“Let’s go to that taxi over there, it’s free… Taxi, taxi!” she shouted, waving her hand and gesturing for it not to move, as it already had new customers, us…
The taxi driver, seeing how heavily laden we were, got out of the car and went round to the back, where he opened the boot; it seemed enormous to me, I don’t remember what make it was; it looked like one of those used in American gangster films.
“Madam, bring the parcel over here!” It was clear that the bloke hadn’t seen me, even though I was the one actually carrying the bundle. “What’s inside the bundle, madam?”
«What the hell does this other uniformed bloke care!». I thought to myself.
"Nothing! Just a few bits and bobs my sister sent me; she lives in America." My mother went on at length, explaining things to the curious taxi driver. ‘You catch more flies with honey than with vinegar,’ which teaches us that to win someone over, the best approach is kindness...
"Well, let me take it; I’ll put it in the boot." he said, and he did.
It didn’t bother me that he referred to our toys as “a few bits and bobs”…
My mother told me there were clothes inside, though I knew full well that the presents were inside. Nor did he try to deceive me by saying otherwise; it all made sense: these presents came from Aunt Raquel’s Father Christmas, a custom not yet deeply rooted in Spain, this ‘Noel’ business, who sent them in advance. And in the end they were mixed in with the other toys, and we all received them on Three Kings’ Day, depending on how we’d behaved throughout the year.
A child, when interested, is the easiest to convince! We’d better leave it at that and not get into whether he was already aware of the true nature of the Three Kings.
I cared little about where each of them came from; what mattered was what sort of toys they were.
"Where are we heading?"
asked the driver.
“Well, to ‘Botella’ Street, number ‘Tapón’.”
The names which the taxi driver actually heard, but which I’m omitting for security reasons, were familiar and instantly recognisable to him; he’d surely been to that area before.

Fotografía de un taxi similar al que tomamos, que precisamente circula por la via conocida como de las "Avenidas", una de las arterias principales de la ciudad de Palma de Mallorca, de obligatorio paso, como fue nuestro caso ese año de 1962. Que coincidió con la celebración de la "Feria de Muestras" en ese lugar, que es lo inmortaliza la foto.
“Do you often come down our street?” my mother asked, wondering if she might know him from somewhere.
“Well, yes! There’s a gentleman called Don Juan, who’s missing a leg, whom I sometimes take to the clinic.”
“Well, wouldn’t you know it, we know him too! Next time you see him, tell him we went for a ride with you. And I won’t give you any more directions now; I’m sure you know the way better than I do.” The taxi driver smiled and off we went, to our home; when we arrived:
"Right, we’re here, madam. You owe me twelve pesetas!" For the younger lot, that was the currency we used in Spain before the introduction of the ‘euro’ (1 Euro = 166.386 pesetas)
“Here, I’ll give you thirteen pesetas and keep this extra one for your kindness!”
“Thank you very much, madam!”
After putting the money in a small metal box, he went round to the back, opened the boot and took out the parcel, which he’d barely managed to fit in there before.
“Come on, Antoñito, help me carry it up the stairs!”

Just thinking about our steep staircase made our hair stand on end...
But this wasn’t necessary, for my two brothers came down the aforementioned ‘steep’ staircase, the one in our house, and, like the strong, sturdy young men they were, they grabbed the bundle and carried it all the way upstairs. My mother watched them with pride; suddenly she paid no more attention to me, what could we do about it!: «The last shall be first, and the first shall be last» (Matthew 20:1–16).
“Be careful not to hurt yourselves, it’s very heavy!”
“Don’t worry, Mum, we’re grown, ups now; we can handle this and much more!”
The box, as in previous years, was placed in my parents’ bedroom, thus avoiding the temptation for us to snoop through its contents.
A few days later, and of course before the toys were handed out, my mother, as she did every year, would secretly check them, using as a guide a letter inside the box that Aunt Raquel had placed there. She assigned the toys to each of us according to who they were meant for; Aunt Raquel was very ‘crafty’ and, knowing our ages as she did, had already allocated the toys to us. My mum respected this arrangement, though not entirely; with some of them, she made changes to the recipients as she saw fit, ‘that’s why she gave birth to us!’, as she always argued. And no one was going to tell her what each of us was like.
"This one’s for Leo, who likes building things; I don’t know why Raquel’s given it to Damián!" she also had a habit, on occasion, of talking to herself; I’d heard her doing it more than once.
The sorting went on until she’d distributed them all; as most were missing their original packaging, she put them in boxes, writing the name of their future owner on each one. Many of them were shoe boxes, which she’d been saving up throughout the year for the occasion.
The idea was to give us a bit of excitement when we unwrapped the toy and to get us into the ‘Christmas spirit’.
…On Three Kings’ Day, first thing in the morning, near a nativity scene we’d set up in a corner of the dining room, we ‘unwrapped the presents’.
I was the first to search through the boxes for the ones with my name on them; my brothers let me do it, as they’d already stopped believing in the ‘Three Kings’.
A few minutes later, without waiting for me to finish ‘checking’ all the presents, my siblings took control and found their own presents.
"This one’s for me! It’s got my name on it," Leo claimed.
"And this one’s for me!" Damián didn’t want to be left out of the spoils.
Within minutes, the presents had been picked up and taken away by each of their recipients. And as if imitating dogs, all of us, although we were looking at our own presents, were more interested in each other’s. Dogs do the same with bones or food; what could we do? Deep down, we’re all animals…
The other toys, the ones from the Spanish Three Kings, were more ordinary and predictable; mine was a ball, which, given the material it was made of, wasn’t expected to last long. One of my brothers was given a ‘Geyper Game Set’; it really annoyed me as it was a toy I’d wanted.

Every child wanted this gift, which was available in different sizes and contained a wide variety of games.
These games, which first appeared in 1945, consisted of a large, beautifully designed box containing a huge variety of board games. They came in various sizes depending on the number of games they contained: 10, 15, 25, 35, 45, 50 or 55 games. There were the most popular ones, the ones we all knew, children and adults alike, such as Parcheesi, Goose, Checkers, Chess and even Roulette, complete with its mat and even its little ball, which was the first thing to go missing.
To these had been added all sorts of games; I’ll mention a few just to remind you that there are board games as well as ‘little consoles’: Jacks, Take and Put, Marbles, Indian Race, Wild, The Hunt, Ketekojo, Add and Multiply, Dernier, Take, Noughts and Crosses, Squares, Words, From Power to Power, Jaquet, Sempre Avanti,
Rush, Halma, In-Out, Speed Halma, 421, Gobang, Pyramid, Tippy, Assault Game, Pentaline, Chalma, Meta 24, Chinese Checkers, Marelle, Derby, Quinielas, Flea Game, Dice, Tira, Cheeky, Raffles, The Wheel, Sole Fishing, Lotto, Snakes and Ladders.
There was no shortage of different decks of cards for playing solitaire, poker, rummy, etc. etc… The company that made them was 'Industrias Geyper', owned by Antonio Pérez Sánchez.
When we showed off our toys the next day, it was a sort of competition to see which ones were the best.
We were the envy of the other children; ours were American, and nobody else had them. I was the first to have a sort of 'Madelman', a plastic cowboy and Indian about 30 centimetres tall, very well made, which were articulated and could strike “poses”; these figures were complemented by a range of accessories, such as a canteen, a bow and arrows, a pistol and a little bag that looked exactly like a purse down to the smallest detail.
“Come on, Billy, get your gun out!”
“Your cowboy’s much bigger than mine!”
“I know, ‘Michel’, this one’s made in America!”
“I’ll swap it for my ‘colouring box’!” that was what my friend treasured most, a huge box full of crayons in every colour.
“What the hell do you mean ‘crayons’? I wouldn’t swap this for anything!”
Another present I received that I continued to love for years, a rare thing for a child to like a present for more than just one Christmas, was like a Spanish ‘Exin Castillo’. I can’t quite remember its name; ‘Skyscraper Builders’ might fit the bill and give you an idea. It contained a whole variety of white plastic pieces, with which you could build a skyscraper, very American! It had windows, walls and even a tower spire with a long antenna. I reckon even today, I might still find a piece or two at my mum’s house...

This photo of the game is spot on; it was crafted down 'to the very last detail' the only thing missing were the workers, who, in this case, were you and your mates.
He also used to send lots of ‘puzzles’, but as they didn’t come with their original boxes, to put them together you had to rely on a sort of template, made from the puzzle’s promotional leaflet, which my aunt had ‘sneaked’ into the parcel:
"‘Michel’, can you tell me where this piece goes?"
“Hold on, don’t throw me off now! I’m trying to fit this piece into mine.”
“Right, but yours goes in that corner…”
“Bloody hell, don’t tell me that! Can’t you see I already knew!”
That bloody 'Michel' didn’t like having things made easy for him, unlike me, who didn’t give the slightest thought to a welcome bit of help from others. Once his last piece was in place, my friend paid attention to me, and within seconds he’d already spotted its spot:
“Put it there!” the smart alec told me, guiding my hand to the spot.
“I’ve got just a few left now, one, two, three… and fifteen.”
“Do you want me to help you now that I’ve finished mine?” he offered, and I accepted his help. “Let me have a go. I can’t see it properly from here!”
In the end, it was he who finished putting it together. I don’t think I ever managed to put one of them together completely on my own; perhaps some of the pieces were missing, I suppose! It can’t be that that ‘know it all’ 'Michel' managed to do it and I, being smarter, didn’t.
I suppose that from her home in the United States, our aunt would be laughing her head off; for my mother was careful not to tell her about her Spanish nephews, reactions to her toys.
Raquel always looked out for her sister; after all, she was practically the one who had raised her. Our grandmother passed away shortly after the end of the war, and my mother took on that maternal role.
This tragedy was what led to all the sisters moving to Barcelona, where they lived with an aunt, my grandfather’s sister, who had died many years earlier, but who was, after all, ‘family’. And in those post-war years, all the relatives helped one another and ‘crowded together’ just to get by.
It was in Barcelona that my aunt met her future husband, Erwin; they met at a hospital where he was doing some sort of medical placement, and Raquel was studying nursing. It was love at first sight, and they got married before the end of the course. The newlyweds set off for the husband’s homeland, and it seems my aunt made a sort of vow as she left: «Even if I have to kill, cheat or steal, I swear to God I’ll never go hungry again!».
It was a phrase similar, with the necessary reservations and a focus on the present!, to the one uttered by the character ‘Scarlett O’Hara’, played by the actress ‘Vivian Leigh’, in the Oscar winning film ‘Gone with the Wind’:
«Though I have to kill, cheat or steal, I swear to God I’ll never go hungry again». And at least “Vivian Leigh” certainly didn’t have to go hungry; she was paid $25,000 for her role in the film, though she did work the 125 days the shoot lasted. Her co-star, “Clark Gable”, pocketed considerably more: $120,000 for just 75 days.
These were substantial sums of money in 1939, the year this adaptation of Margaret Mitchell’s 1936 novel of the same name was released. Produced by David O. Selznick and directed by Victor Fleming.

Poster advertising the aforementioned film
…And as I mentioned earlier, my mother had two jobs – what’s known as moonlighting. And she didn’t do it on a whim; it was out of sheer necessity… Her other job was as a seamstress, and with these two jobs she managed to contribute to the family budget. Which, as was the case for most families, was never enough.
She sewed on the various machines that came and went through the house, from the pedal-powered one to the electric one; with them she made all sorts of garments: trousers, shirts, jackets, and so on. She also made curtains and tablecloths. But the real income came when she was hired to do regular mending or alterations to clothes. Her client was a department store in the city; twice a week, a man in a van would bring her new orders and collect the finished ones. Another man also came every week and brought her an envelope with money. As it happened, a few days later, whilst the ‘troop’ was in the living room, the doorbell rang:
"DING, DONG!" Isa, go and open the door, it’s Mr Miralles!"
It was the only visitor my mother was expecting that afternoon, and she assumed it was him. My sister went to the door and opened it immediately…:
“Come in, Mr Miralles, my mother is waiting for you!”
Without saying a word, the man entered the house and followed my sister, who led him into the dining room. He was a man of few words, or rather, a rude one.
"Hello, Mr Miralles! Shall I sign the receipt?"
"Yes, Antoñita, here’s your money! As always, it’s in the envelope, and this is the receipt you need to sign." Without looking at what was written on the receipt and without counting the money in the envelope, my mother signed the document; despite it being money paid to her for her work, our need for it made her behave as if the company were doing her a favour by paying her for the garments she had made.
"Right then, Antoñita, see you next week!"
"See you then, Mr Miralles!" she said, accompanying him to the door.
Once the paymaster had left, my mother opened the envelope, took out the money and counted it:
"One hundred and fifty-two pesetas. Don’t even touch this money! We’ll use this to pay this month’s instalment on the machine." She was referring to her latest purchase, her new sewing machine; what’s more, it was electric and could even do embroidery.
That’s how this ‘industrial’ sector worked, and thank goodness, for many families survived on this income; most companies didn’t declare it or pay tax on it. ■
END OF CHAPTER 4.

The first page of the manuscript of the “Song of El Cid” held at the BNE
Find out more about:
“El Cantar de mio Cid”
“The Song of El Cid”
...is the oldest surviving Castilian epic poem. Based on a true story, it recounts the exploits of the Castilian hero “Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar”, known as El Cid; and is set during the 11th century, a time of war on the Iberian Peninsula between the Kingdom of Castile and various Taifa principalities of Al-Andalus.
It is considered a national epic of Spain. The work is preserved in a medieval manuscript now held at the National Library of Spain. [↑]
The story begins with El Cid’s exile, after his enemies had unjustly accused him of stealing money from King Alfonso VI of Castile and León, leading to his banishment. To restore his honour, he takes part in battles against the Moorish armies and conquers Valencia. Thanks to these heroic deeds, he regains the king’s trust and his honour is restored. The king personally marries El Cid’s daughters to the infantes (princes) of Carrión. However, when the princes are humiliated by El Cid’s men for their cowardice, the infantes swear revenge. They beat their new wives and leave them for dead.
When El Cid learns of this, he pleads for justice from the king. The princes are forced to return El Cid’s dowry and are defeated in a duel, stripped of all honour. El Cid’s two daughters then remarry the crown princes of Navarre and Aragon.
“The Poem of El Cid” (also known by this name), unlike other medieval European epics, is written in a realistic tone; there is no magic, and even the appearance of the Archangel Gabriel (which occurs in verses 404 - 410) takes place in a dream. However, it also departs from historical truth: for example, his son is not mentioned, his daughters were not called Elvira and Sol, and they did not become queens.
It consists of over 3,700 verses, usually 14 to 16 syllables each, with a caesura between the hemistiches. The rhyme is assonant. ■
